Macular Degeneration
Age-related
Macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative condition of the macula or central retina. It
is the most common cause of vision loss in the Western world in the over 50 age group. It
most commonly affects those of northern European descent and is uncommon in
African-Americans and Hispanics. The prevalence increases with age. It affects about 15%
of the population by age 55 and over 30% are affected by age 75.
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Macular degeneration can cause loss of central vision and make
reading or driving impossible but macular degeneration does not cause complete blindness
since peripheral vision is not affected.
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What Causes Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration probably arises from a variety of factors. Genetics, age, nutrition,
smoking, and sunlight exposure may all play a role.
What is the difference between Wet
and Dry Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration can be classified as either dry (non-neovascular) or wet
(neovascular).
How is Macular Degeneration Treated?
There exists no proven medical therapy for dry macular degeneration. In selected cases of
wet macular degeneration, laser photocoagulation is effective in sealing leaking or
bleeding vessels. Unfortunately, laser photocoagulation usually does not restore lost
vision but only prevents further loss. Early diagnosis is critical for successful
treatment of wet macular degeneration. When used on a regular basis, an Amsler grid is an effective tool in the early
recognition of wet macular degeneration.
What about Vitamin and Mineral Supplements?
Several recent studies have indicated a strong link to a nutritional component in the
development of macular degeneration. It has been scientifically demonstrated that people
with diets high in fruits and vegetables (especially leafy green vegetables) have a lower
incidence of macular degeneration. More studies are needed to determine if nutritional
supplements can prevent progression in patients with existing disease.
Amsler Grid
- Use with reading light, reading distance, and reading glasses
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- Note irregularities (wavy, size, gray, fuzzy)
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- Contact ophthalmologist (if necessary)
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St. Luke's Cataract & Laser
Institute provides this on-line information for educational and communication
purposes only and it should not be construed as personal medical advice. Information
published on this St. Luke's website is not intended to replace, supplant, or augment a
consultation with an eyecare professional regarding the viewer/user's own medical
care. St. Luke's disclaims any and all liability for injury or other damages that
could result from use of the information obtained from this site.
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